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来源：y39彩票返点2024-06-07 17:48

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咳嗽不停，是不是感染加重？******

　　许多新冠病毒感染者会出现咳嗽症状。咳嗽不停，是不是感染在加重？

　　咳嗽是新冠病毒感染最常见的症状之一，平均持续时间2周左右。大部分奥密克戎变异株感染属于轻症，症状会逐渐减轻，“阳康”之后咳嗽也会持续一段时间，咳嗽持续并不代表感染在加重。但是，如果咳嗽症状严重或持续不缓解，尤其在出现发热反复或发热持续不退、伴有低氧（氧饱和度下降）或憋气以及活动后气短等症状，需要警惕新冠病毒导致的肺炎，及时到医院就诊和检查胸部CT。

　　不单是新冠病毒感染，普通感冒、流感或肺炎之后都会出现咳嗽症状，属于感染后咳嗽。新冠病毒感染可局限于上呼吸道，也可以累及肺部导致肺炎。大部分新冠病毒感染导致的咳嗽具有自限性，但如果症状持续，伴有低氧和呼吸困难等症状，需要警惕肺炎和重症，请及时到医院就诊评估。

　　轻微的咳嗽症状无需治疗。咳嗽症状影响生活时，建议就诊，推荐使用缓解咳嗽症状的药物，如复方甲氧那明胶囊，或美敏伪麻溶液。这两种药物都是复合制剂，含有抗组胺药、减充血剂和镇咳药，对感染后气道炎症导致的咳嗽治疗效果较好。也可考虑含有皮质激素的吸入剂治疗，如布地奈德或氟替卡松的吸入制剂或使用布地奈德做雾化治疗。如果既往有哮喘或咳嗽变异性哮喘病史，可按照哮喘使用含有激素和支气管扩张剂的复合制剂吸入治疗，或是增加平日的吸入激素剂量，待咳嗽控制后再恢复至原有剂量。如果药物治疗效果不佳，还需要到医院就诊进一步评估咳嗽的原因和调整治疗。

　　新冠病毒感染，无需使用抗生素。但在某些情况下，如老年患者尤其是合并新冠病毒性肺炎的老年患者，或咳痰增加或颜色变深，合并细菌感染的风险增加，可以考虑使用抗生素。

　　反复咳嗽的患者，需要注意以下事项：吸烟患者必须戒烟；高血压患者需要检查一下使用的降压药中是否有药名含有“普利”的药，这是一种血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂，可能会导致咳嗽症状加重；既往有呼吸疾病的患者，如哮喘、慢阻肺和肺纤维化等，需要向医生了解治疗方案是否需要调整；有心肺疾病基础的患者需要自备指氧仪，动态了解血氧饱和度的变化。

　　目前感染者主要是居家治疗，在出现以下情况时推荐到医院接受进一步检查：咳嗽症状持续不缓解，或出现呼吸困难、或血氧饱和度降低、或咯痰增加、或痰液颜色加深、或发热反复、或持续不缓解、或其他症状有加重；年龄大于65岁，合并慢性呼吸系统疾病、心脑血管疾病和肿瘤等基础疾病。

　　对于大部分新冠病毒感染者，如果咳嗽以干咳为主，痰不多，发热很快好转，咳嗽症状逐渐在改善，没有其他明显症状，可以放心观察，无需胸部CT检查。

　　新冠病毒感染后的咳嗽症状平均持续2周左右，有些患者咳嗽持续时间可长达4周。单纯气道炎症引起的咳嗽，一般会逐渐减轻。新冠病毒感染2周后如咳嗽症状有加重，或超过4周症状尚未缓解，需要到医院就诊，进一步评估可能的原因。

　　（作者为北京协和医院呼吸与危重症医学科副主任徐凯峰）

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.